Posterior Scalene Muscle, Lateral View

Description

Situated in the deep posterolateral neck, the posterior scalene (musculus scalenus posterior) lies posterior to the middle scalene and descends from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae to its insertion on the external surface of the second rib. A lateral viewpoint places the muscle just anterior to the levator scapulae as that strap-like muscle runs inferiorly from the transverse processes to the superior angle and medial border of the scapula. Posteriorly, the superficial trapezius frames the region, while the cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes and laminae mark the midline. Deep to the scalene layer, the apical pleura and rib cage sit immediately inferior and anterior. Appreciating the posterior scalene in profile matters when teaching the layered anatomy of the posterior triangle and the transition from neck to thorax. This is the neighborhood of thoracic outlet complaints, where altered scalene tone can contribute to neurogenic symptoms and where clinicians must keep the second rib, pleura, and interscalene space in mind during regional anesthesia or trigger point interventions. Small muscle, real consequences. Use this artwork to support cervical spine and neck dissection labs, anesthesia teaching on interscalene approaches and surface-to-deep relationships, and rehabilitation content discussing lateral neck pain patterns and scapular elevation mechanics. It also fits surgical education on posterior triangle exposure, where the levator scapulae and scalene muscles orient the dissection relative to the cervical transverse processes and upper ribs. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.