Transversus Colli Nerve

Description

Arising from the cervical plexus at C2 to C3, the transversus colli nerve (transverse cervical nerve) emerges at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid near Erb’s point and sweeps anteriorly across the muscle in the superficial fascia. Its cutaneous branches course medially and anteriorly toward the anterior cervical region, distributing over the anterolateral neck and approaching the midline inferior to the mandible. Nearby landmarks in this male head and neck rendering include the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, the carotid sheath region with the common and internal carotid arteries and internal jugular vein, and the adjacent superficial cervical cutaneous nerves that share the same emergence zone. Clinically, this nerve matters because it is commonly targeted in a superficial cervical plexus block performed along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid to provide anesthesia for procedures on the anterolateral neck. It is also at risk during surgical exposure and skin flap elevation for carotid endarterectomy, submandibular approaches, and lymph node biopsy, where traction or transection can leave a well-demarcated patch of numbness across the anterior neck. A small nerve, a frequent complaint. Use this plate for gross anatomy teaching of the cervical plexus and its cutaneous branches, for anesthesia training materials illustrating landmark-based regional blocks, and for surgical texts that need a clear relationship between superficial nerves, the sternocleidomastoid, and the carotid vessels. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.