Anatomical Structure and Location of the Common Interosseous Artery

Description

Arising from the ulnar artery in the proximal anterior forearm, the common interosseous artery is shown as a short, stout trunk that quickly bifurcates into the anterior interosseous artery and posterior interosseous artery. The anterior interosseous branch descends on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane with the anterior interosseous nerve, deep to the flexor digitorum profundus and adjacent to the radius and ulna. Posteriorly, the posterior interosseous artery passes through the proximal gap in the interosseous membrane above the supinator to enter the extensor compartment. Small periosteal and muscular arterioles are suggested along the interosseous border. This is a compact branching pattern. This anterior perspective matters because it clarifies a frequent point of confusion in the antebrachial arterial tree: the common interosseous artery is not a long forearm vessel, but a brief conduit whose branches define the deep vascular supply on either side of the interosseous membrane. Hand and forearm surgeons rely on this relationship when planning flap harvests and when managing injuries around the proximal radius and ulna, where the posterior interosseous artery and nerve are at risk during approaches involving the supinator (including radial head and proximal forearm exposure). Angiographic interpretation also benefits, since occlusion at the ulnar origin can compromise both interosseous territories while sparing more superficial ulnar flow. Ideal uses include upper-limb anatomy teaching in medical and allied health curricula, arterial supply plates in surgical atlases, and educational materials for procedures that traverse the proximal interosseous membrane. It also suits case reports on compartment syndrome, traumatic laceration, or iatrogenic injury affecting deep forearm vessels in adult males. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.