Anatomical Structure and Location of the Superior Gluteal Nerve, Posterior View

Description

Arising from the dorsal divisions of L4 to S1, the superior gluteal nerve is traced as it exits the pelvis through the superior part of the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis, then courses laterally deep to gluteus medius toward the interval between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. From a posterior perspective, the nerve sits posterior to the ilium and lateral to the sacrum, traveling with the superior gluteal artery and vein as they wrap toward the lateral hip. Os coxae landmarks frame the pathway. The proximal femur anchors the distal field. This posterior pathway matters because the superior gluteal nerve is the main motor supply to gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae, so injury produces hip abductor weakness with a Trendelenburg gait. Iatrogenic injury remains the classic concern, most often from intramuscular injections placed too medially or inferiorly in the buttock, or from surgical exposure near the greater sciatic foramen during posterior approaches to the hip. The relationship to the piriformis and the upper greater sciatic foramen is the operative landmark surgeons and trainees need. Use this artwork for teaching pelvic neuroanatomy in gross anatomy and regional anesthesia courses, where the superior gluteal nerve must be distinguished from the sciatic and inferior gluteal nerves, and for orthopaedic or sports medicine publications discussing lateral hip pain and abductor insufficiency. It also fits clinical patient education on safe gluteal injection sites and postoperative gait deficits after hip surgery. Anatomical accuracy verified by SciePro's Medical Advisory Board.